Indonesia -Laju pertumbuhan ekonomi di 2018 yang disebut tahun politik, diperkirakan baka l merosot. Pemerintah pun diprediksi bakal kesulitan mencapai target pertumbuhan ekonomi seperti tercantum di Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara (APBN) 2018 sebesar 5,4 persen. Akibat dari semua ini beban rakyat semakin berat, daya beli melemah dan pengangguran meningkat.
“Tahun politik 2018 ekonomi Indonesia bakal merosot sehingga beban rakyat semakin berat, kemiskinan dan pengangguran semakin bertambah. Oleh karena itu 2018 menjadi tahun pertaruhan besar bagi rezim Jokowi di bidang Ekonomi, ” kata pengamat politik dari Institute For Strategic and Development Studies (ISDS), M. Aminudin menjawab Harian Terbit. Senin (2/1/2018)
Pengamat ekonomi Faisa Basri mengemukakan, laju perumbuhan ekonomi tahun 2018 diperkirakan masih akan seret. Pemerintah pun diprediksi bakal kesulitan mencapai target pertumbuhan ekonomi seperti tercantum di Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara (APBN) 2018 sebesar 5,4 persen.
Seperti dilansir Kontan, ekonom UI ini menyebut, laju ekonomi tahun depan masih sama dengan tahun ini, yakni 5 persen. Hal itu sebut dia, disebabkan oleh masyarakat yang masih akan menahan belanja. Padahal, konsumsi rumah tangga adalah penyumbang terbesar produk domestik bruto (PDB), yaitu di atas 50 persen.
Sembako Naik
Aminudin menilai, situasi ekonomi makin memburuk jika 2018 Jokowi menaikkan harga sejumlah kebutuhan pokok dasar rakyat seperti BBM, listrik, gas dan pajak. Selain akan mencekik kebutuhan rakyat, menaikan kebutuhan mendasar rakyat juga akan membuat nilai tukar rupiah terhadap dolar semakin merosot. Namun kenaikan harga-harga kebutuhan pokok tersebut bisa diantisipasi jika partai-partai yang diluar berkuasa membela kepentingan rakyat.
"Jika partai oposisi tetap belum bangkit dari tidurnya maka mereka tak banyak bisa panen mendapatkan dukungan dari pemilih. Karena pemilih pasti akan banyak golput," paparnya.
Sementara itu, pengamat politik dari Perhimpunan Masyarakat Madani (Prima) Sya'roni mengatakan, tahun 2018 sudah diidentikkan sebagai laga persaingan politik baik dalam kontek Pilkada 2018 maupun persiapan menuju Pilpres 2019. Oleh karenanya perhatian elit politik akan fokus untuk memenangkan peluangnya. Sehingga sudah tidak ada lagi pemikiran untuk memakmurkan rakyat yang merupakan tanggungjawabnya sebagai elit politik.
"Kalaupun ada bantuan atau program bagi-bagi uang kepada rakyat tidak lebih hanyalah modus untuk membeli suara," papar Sya'roni.
Lebih lanjut Sya'roni mengatakan, mengingat pertumbuhan ekonomi selama 3 tahun pemerintahan Jokowi hanya berkisar diangka 5 persen, maka dengan masuknya tahun politik akan semakin menekan daya gerak ekonomi. Akibatnya daya beli masyarakat akan semakin turun. Apalagi tahun politik identik dengan kegaduhan dan bahkan instabilitas keamanan, maka dipastikan para pelaku ekonomi akan lebih memilih menunggu berlalunya tahun politik.
"Sikap wait and see para investor dipastikan akan memperburuk gerak perekonomian," paparnya.
Sya'roni menuturkan, bila para elit politik sudah fokus memikirkan nasibnya sendiri maka para investor juga lebih memilih diam menunggu. Akibatnya yang menerima dampak buruknya adalah rakyat kecil yang akan semakin terdesak kebutuhan hidupnya. Apalagi selama ini ekonomi bergerak tanpa lokomotif. Oleh karenanya sebagai antisipasi maka 2018 ini diharapkan agar rakyat harus lebih krearif menggali sumber-sumber ekonomi untuk memperbaiki taraf kehidupan ekonominya.
Lima Persen
Pertumbuhan ekonomi saat ini memang masih berkutat di kisaran lima persen. Pada 2017, pertumbuhan ekonomi diperkirakan hanya mencapai 5,1 persen, di bawah target APBN-P 2017 sebanyak 5,2 persen. Sementara itu, pada 2018, pertumbuhan ekonomi ditargetkan mencapai 5,4 persen.
Indonesia dikhawatirkan bisa menjadi "ekonomi lima persenan" mengingat pertumbuhan kredit yang masih relatif melambat dalam beberapa tahun terakhir.
"Dengan pertumbuhan kredit hanya sekitar 8-10 persen, maka ekonomi Indonesia menjadi "ekonomi yang tumbuh lima persenan", bahkan sampai tahun 2019," kata ekonom senior Umar Juoro.
The latest Employment Situation report from the Bureau of Labor Statistics shows weekly employee earnings have grown $75 since tax reform passed, well short of the $4,000 to $9,000 annual increases projected by President Trump
Donald John TrumpRobert De Niro, Ben Stiller play Mueller and Cohen in 'SNL' parody of 'Meet the Parents' Trump order targets wide swath of public assistance programs Comey says Trump reacted to news of Russian meddling by asking if it changed election results MORE and House Speaker Paul Ryan
Paul Davis RyanTrump order targets wide swath of public assistance programs Sunday shows preview: White House officials talk Syria strike Wage growth well short of what was promised from tax reform MORE (R-Wis.).
During the three months following passage of the tax bill, the average American saw a $6.21 increase in average weekly earnings. Assuming 12 weeks of work during the three months following passage of the corporate tax cuts, this equates to a $75 increase.
Assuming a full 52 weeks of work, the $6.21 increase in weekly earnings would result in a $323 annual increase, nowhere near the minimum $4,000 promised and $9,000 potential annual increases projected by President Trump and Speaker Ryan if significant cuts were made to corporate tax rates.
Unless something drastically changes, it seems that Americans are going to have to settle for much less than the $4,000 to $9,000 projected wage increases. An extra $322 a year isn’t going to do much to pay down the $1 trillion in additional debt they are projected to take on as a result of the tax cuts.
Yet, a key part of the argument for the recently passed corporate tax cuts and more than a trillion dollars in debt was the substantial wage hike promised by the president’s Council of Economic Advisers (CEA).
From a document titled, “Corporate Tax Reform and Wages: Theory and Evidence,” on the White House’s website:
“Reducing the statutory federal corporate tax rate from 35 to 20 percent would, the analysis below suggests, increase average household income in the United States by, very conservatively, $4,000 annually.”
The document goes on to say:
“When we use the more optimistic estimates from the literature, wage boosts are over $9,000 for the average U.S. household.”
No less than Speaker Ryan’s website trumpeted the Council of Economic Advisers report claiming that on average, the proposed corporate tax cuts would result in at least a $4,000 annual increase in wages.
Now, some supporters of the tax bill may say this analysis is unfair because it is too early for the effects of the tax bill to show up in wages. By that logic, they also shouldn’t take credit for reported employment growth increases.
Still others may point to the $1,000 bonuses announced by some companies shortly after passage of the tax bill. First, that is significantly less than the promised $4,000 to $9,000. Second, these are not wage increases; these are one-time bonuses.
Will companies pay them again, and if so when? Third, the $1,000 represents a fraction of the estimated potential company tax savings.
Using 2016 net income, 2016 effective tax rates, the new 21-percent corporate tax rate and company bonuses, we estimated company bonuses as a percentage of a number of company’s potential tax savings. The results: In many cases, the bonuses represent a mere pittance of the possible tax savings.
Navient announced that it would be giving $1,000 bonuses to 98 percent of its 6,7000 employees, paying out nearly $7 million in bonuses. While that may seem generous, it pales in comparison to Navient’s potential tax savings.
Using Navient’s 2016 net income, its 2016 effective tax rate, estimated annual tax savings of nearly $200 million and its announced bonuses, we calculated that the announced bonuses represent less than 4 percent of Navient’s potential tax savings.
Turning to the airline industry, JetBlue’s employees might be feeling blue if they realized that their $1,000 bonuses are estimated to be less than 10 percent of JetBlue’s potential tax savings, while American Airlines’ bonuses are estimated to represent less than 15 percent of its estimated potential annual tax savings
Not to be outdone, Comcast’s bonuses represent less than 8 percent of its estimated potential annual tax savings, while Walmart appears downright generous, giving an estimated $0.16 of every dollar of its estimated potential annual tax savings to employees in the form of bonuses.
Source: Solutionomics
What happened to the minimum $4,000 promised? I guess like many promises by politicians, they were empty. Instead, they seem to have gone to share buybacks. For the period December 2017 through February 2018, share buybacks more than doubled to $200 million.
Is a $323 wage increase and a one-time bonus of $1,000 that represents a fraction of estimated potential company tax savings worth the more than $1 trillion in additional debt placed on Americans? Is this the best Congress could do? No.
Instead, Congress could have simply made each company’s tax cut contingent on each company increasing wages. The problem is that some companies receiving tax cuts didn’t raise wages.
If Congress had made each company’s tax cut contingent on each company’s wage increases, the American people would have gotten more bang for their tax cut bucks. Additionally, this would have created a real incentive for companies to raise wages: Increase wages, get a tax cut; don’t and you won’t.
If the justification for saddling the American people with at least $1 trillion in additional debt was greater wage growth, tax cuts should have been tied to each company’s wage growth; that’s just logical. That’s getting a better deal for the American people, and that’s getting a better return on investment.
Chris Macke is the founder of Solutionomics, a think tank focused on developing solutions for a more efficient, merit-based corporate tax code. He has advised the U.S. Federal Reserve by providing market updates and implications of monetary policy changes on asset valuations and market distortions, and he's a contributor to the Fed Beige Book. Find him on Twitter: @solutionomics.
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