Senin, 27 Juli 2026

Andri Elyus Luntungan Mengatakan Filsafat Melahirkan Berbagai Ilmu Pengetahuan

 



Andri News Baru Andri elyus luntungan seringkali manusia maaf sebut saja kurang cerdas, namun tidak tolol dan atau disebut dungu, dan jika dia pernah berdedi kasih tinggi, paham betul memaknai apa artinya Ilmu Filsafat melahikan berbagai macam mata kuliah yang mereka sempat pahami- Seperti ini Filsafat melahirkannya-Filsafat sering dijuluki sebagai "Mater Scientiarum" atau ibu kandung dari segala ilmu pengetahuan karena hampir seluruh disiplin ilmu modern lahir, memisahkan diri, dan ditiriskan dari rahim filsafat. Secara garis besar, seluruh cabang ilmu di dunia ini dapat dikelompokkan ke dalam 3 rumpun ilmu besar yang ditiriskan oleh filsafat.Proses pemisahan ilmu dari Filsafat ini terjadi secara bertahap sepanjang sejarah seiring dengan ditemukannya metode empiris dan eksperimen.1. Rumpun Ilmu Alam (Natural Sciences)Pada awalnya, rumpun ini disebut sebagai Filsafat Alam (Natural Philosophy). Ilmu-ilmu ini memisahkan diri ketika para ilmuwan mulai menggunakan metode ilmiah eksperimental, bukan lagi sekadar perenungan rasional.Fisika: Menjadi ilmu mandiri yang paling pertama memisahkan diri, dipelopori oleh Isaac Newton melalui bukunya Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica.Astronomi: Lepas dari kedekatannya dengan metafisika kosmologi setelah teleskop dan pengamatan empiris digunakan.Matematika: Meski memiliki hubungan batin yang sangat erat dengan logika filsafat, matematika berkembang menjadi bahasa formal sains yang berdiri sendiri.Kimia & Biologi: Berpisah sepenuhnya pada abad ke-18 dan ke-19 setelah metode laboratorium modern mapan.2. Rumpun Ilmu Sosial (Social Sciences)Ilmu-ilmu ini awalnya berada di bawah payung Filsafat Moral atau filsafat praktis yang membahas perilaku manusia dan kelompok.Psikologi: Dahulu merupakan bagian dari "Filsafat Jiwa". Psikologi baru resmi memisahkan diri menjadi ilmu mandiri pada tahun 1879 ketika Wilhelm Wundt mendirikan laboratorium psikologi eksperimen pertama di Jerman.Sosiologi: Ditiriskan dari filsafat sosial oleh Auguste Comte yang menginginkan adanya studi masyarakat berbasis data positif (positivisme).Ekonomi: Lahir dari filsafat moral. Bapak Ekonomi Modern, Adam Smith, sebenarnya adalah seorang profesor filsafat moral yang kemudian merumuskan teori ekonomi pasar bebas.Ilmu Politik: Memisahkan diri dari Filsafat Politik klasik (pemikiran Plato dan Aristoteles) menjadi ilmu yang menganalisis sistem kekuasaan secara praktis.3. Rumpun Ilmu Humaniora (Humanities)Beberapa ilmu humaniora tetap mempertahankan kedekatan metodis dengan filsafat, namun kini berdiri sebagai disiplin akademik yang independen.Linguistik (Ilmu Bahasa): Berkembang dari cabang Filsafat Bahasa.Hukum: Mandiri dari kajian Filsafat Hukum menjadi ilmu hukum dogmatis dan praktis.Arkeologi & Sejarah: Memisahkan diri dari kajian-kajian kronik masa lalu dan filsafat sejarah. Ini yang saya kenal itu, artinya segalanya datang dari kandungan filsafat. artinya jika dia ber etika pasti paham pantsakah anak melawan Ibu kandungnya yang melahirkan dirinya. kecuali maling kundang.!?. aaaa. Akhirnya dikutuk menjadi Batu.!?. demikian andri elyus luntungan penagamat international mengatakan saat dimintai tanggapannya mengenai darimana Ilmu dilahirkan melalui sambungan HPnya. Oleh Vionita dari spanyol siang tadi.
Ketika ditanya siapa Bapanya Ilmu semua itu.? Andri elyus luntungan menjawab-Bapak ilmu filsafat dunia secara umum sering disematkan kepada Thales karena ia adalah orang pertama yang mencoba berpikir rasional tentang alam semesta. Selain Thales, ada beberapa tokoh lain yang sering disebut sebagai bapak filsafat dalam bidang atau sudut pandang berbeda.Tokoh-Tokoh UtamaThales: Disebut sebagai bapak filsafat karena menjadi orang pertama yang mencari asal usul alam bukan dari mitos, melainkan dari akal sehat dan air sebagai unsur utama.Socrates: Dikenal sebagai bapak filsafat moral atau etika karena gaya berpikir kritisnya lewat tanya jawab untuk mencari kebenaran. Ini yang saya pahami, dan hampir semua ilmu pengetahuan bersumber dari filsafat. disnilah perlunya setiap masing - masing mereka yang mengusai pengetahuan perlunya punya etika. bukan menjadi sombong atau merasa paling hebat sementara dirinya belum mengusaia segalanya. artinya jika hanya baru punya sati bidang pengetahuan seharusnya punya malu. bukan justru menujukan kebodohannya dimuka publik.  Disertasi hanya satu bidang dianggap wajar hanya sebatas bidang itu. berarti belum tentu dengan bidang lainya.Oleh sebab itu Ilmu disebut tidak ada batasnya dan tidak ada penutup selama kamu mau terus belajar. Pesan saya mulai sekarang jangan merasa sombong jika aslinya kamu hanya baru punya satu pengetahuan oleh sebab diluar sana tidak sedikit yang memiliki pengetahuan sangat luas anmun lebih suka menujukan karyanya ketimbang suara mulutnya. Hanya ini yang dapat saya katakan. demikian andri elyus luntungan mengahiri perkatannya.Ditulis Vionita Jurnalis spanyo

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Wage growth well short of what was promised from tax reform | TheHill

Wage growth well short of what was promised from tax reform

The latest Employment Situation report from the Bureau of Labor Statistics shows weekly employee earnings have grown $75 since tax reform passed, well short of the $4,000 to $9,000 annual increases projected by President TrumpDonald John TrumpRobert De Niro, Ben Stiller play Mueller and Cohen in 'SNL' parody of 'Meet the Parents' Trump order targets wide swath of public assistance programs Comey says Trump reacted to news of Russian meddling by asking if it changed election results MORE and House Speaker Paul RyanPaul Davis RyanTrump order targets wide swath of public assistance programs Sunday shows preview: White House officials talk Syria strike Wage growth well short of what was promised from tax reform MORE (R-Wis.).  

During the three months following passage of the tax bill, the average American saw a $6.21 increase in average weekly earnings. Assuming 12 weeks of work during the three months following passage of the corporate tax cuts, this equates to a $75 increase.

Assuming a full 52 weeks of work, the $6.21 increase in weekly earnings would result in a $323 annual increase, nowhere near the minimum $4,000 promised and $9,000 potential annual increases projected by President Trump and Speaker Ryan if significant cuts were made to corporate tax rates.

Unless something drastically changes, it seems that Americans are going to have to settle for much less than the $4,000 to $9,000 projected wage increases. An extra $322 a year isn’t going to do much to pay down the $1 trillion in additional debt they are projected to take on as a result of the tax cuts.

Yet, a key part of the argument for the recently passed corporate tax cuts and more than a trillion dollars in debt was the substantial wage hike promised by the president’s Council of Economic Advisers (CEA).

From a document titled, “Corporate Tax Reform and Wages: Theory and Evidence,” on the White House’s website:

“Reducing the statutory federal corporate tax rate from 35 to 20 percent would, the analysis below suggests, increase average household income in the United States by, very conservatively, $4,000 annually.”

The document goes on to say:

“When we use the more optimistic estimates from the literature, wage boosts are over $9,000 for the average U.S. household.”

No less than Speaker Ryan’s website trumpeted the Council of Economic Advisers report claiming that on average, the proposed corporate tax cuts would result in at least a $4,000 annual increase in wages.

Now, some supporters of the tax bill may say this analysis is unfair because it is too early for the effects of the tax bill to show up in wages. By that logic, they also shouldn’t take credit for reported employment growth increases.  

Still others may point to the $1,000 bonuses announced by some companies shortly after passage of the tax bill. First, that is significantly less than the promised $4,000 to $9,000. Second, these are not wage increases; these are one-time bonuses.

Will companies pay them again, and if so when? Third, the $1,000 represents a fraction of the estimated potential company tax savings.

Using 2016 net income, 2016 effective tax rates, the new 21-percent corporate tax rate and company bonuses, we estimated company bonuses as a percentage of a number of company’s potential tax savings. The results: In many cases, the bonuses represent a mere pittance of the possible tax savings.

Navient announced that it would be giving $1,000 bonuses to 98 percent of its 6,7000 employees, paying out nearly $7 million in bonuses. While that may seem generous, it pales in comparison to Navient’s potential tax savings.

Using Navient’s 2016 net income, its 2016 effective tax rate, estimated annual tax savings of nearly $200 million and its announced bonuses, we calculated that the announced bonuses represent less than 4 percent of Navient’s potential tax savings.

Turning to the airline industry, JetBlue’s employees might be feeling blue if they realized that their $1,000 bonuses are estimated to be less than 10 percent of JetBlue’s potential tax savings, while American Airlines’ bonuses are estimated to represent less than 15 percent of its estimated potential annual tax savings

Not to be outdone, Comcast’s bonuses represent less than 8 percent of its estimated potential annual tax savings, while Walmart appears downright generous, giving an estimated $0.16 of every dollar of its estimated potential annual tax savings to employees in the form of bonuses.

Image and video hosting by TinyPic 

Source: Solutionomics

What happened to the minimum $4,000 promised? I guess like many promises by politicians, they were empty. Instead, they seem to have gone to share buybacks. For the period December 2017 through February 2018, share buybacks more than doubled to $200 million.

Is a $323 wage increase and a one-time bonus of $1,000 that represents a fraction of estimated potential company tax savings worth the more than $1 trillion in additional debt placed on Americans? Is this the best Congress could do? No.

Instead, Congress could have simply made each company’s tax cut contingent on each company increasing wages. The problem is that some companies receiving tax cuts didn’t raise wages.

If Congress had made each company’s tax cut contingent on each company’s wage increases, the American people would have gotten more bang for their tax cut bucks. Additionally, this would have created a real incentive for companies to raise wages: Increase wages, get a tax cut; don’t and you won’t.

If the justification for saddling the American people with at least $1 trillion in additional debt was greater wage growth, tax cuts should have been tied to each company’s wage growth; that’s just logical. That’s getting a better deal for the American people, and that’s getting a better return on investment.

Chris Macke is the founder of Solutionomics, a think tank focused on developing solutions for a more efficient, merit-based corporate tax code. He has advised the U.S. Federal Reserve by providing market updates and implications of monetary policy changes on asset valuations and market distortions, and he's a contributor to the Fed Beige Book. Find him on Twitter: @solutionomics.

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France issues report detailing evidence of Assad role in chemical attacks

France issues report detailing evidence of Assad role in chemical attacks

France declassified a report on Saturday laying out evidence that officials said proves that a chemical attack in Syria last week was carried out by the government of President Bashar Assad.

The report claims that several chemical strikes were carried out in the Damascus suburb of Douma on April 7, and that symptoms experienced by the victims — skin burns, suffocation and other breathing difficulties, among other markers — were consistent with the effects of chlorine gas.

"Reliable intelligence indicates that Syrian military officials have coordinated what appears to be the use of chemical weapons containing chlorine on Douma, on April 7," the report, released by the French Foreign Ministry, reads.

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The report also states that the Syrian government has carried out a number of chemical weapons strikes since April 4, 2017 — the same day a chemical attack in Syria's northern Idlib province left more than 80 civilians dead.

The U.S. issued an assessment on Friday night pointing to the Syrian government's role in the alleged chemical attacks in Douma.

That report cites "multiple media sources, the reported symptoms experienced by victims, videos and images showing two assessed barrel bombs from the attack, and reliable information indicating coordination between Syrian military officials before the attack."

The assessment also suggests that the Syrian government not only used chlorine in the attack on Douma, but that reported symptoms were also consistent with exposure to sarin, a deadly nerve agent.

The French and U.S. assessments came hours after leaders in Washington, Paris and London authorized "precision strikes" on targets in Syria believed to be associated with the country's chemical weapons arsenal.

Syria and its allies, Russia and Iran, have denied that Assad's government used chemical weapons, and have sought to blame both foreign actors and militant groups for staging the attacks in Douma.

Russia has accused the U.S. and its allies of failing to produce adequate evidence of the Syrian government's role in the chemical attack.

The Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, the international chemical weapons watchdog, launched an investigation into the alleged chemical strikes on Douma on Saturday.

The allied strikes on Friday were cast by U.S. officials, not as a punishment for Assad's government, but as a means to eradicate Syria's chemical stockpile and production capabilities.

Lt. Gen. Kenneth McKenzie, the director of the Joint Staff, said Saturday that while the allied attacks dealt a blow to Syria's chemical weapons program, Damascus likely retained "residual" elements of its chemical arsenal.

President TrumpDonald John TrumpInfowars' Alex Jones blasts Trump over airstrikes: 'He's crapping all over us' McCain to Trump: Airstrikes alone won't achieve objectives in Syria Top general: US did not notify Russia on Syria targets MORE and other U.S. officials have said that they are prepared to take further action in Syria, unless Assad's government ceases its alleged use of chemical weapons.

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Mueller can prove Cohen made secret trip to Prague before the election: report

Special counsel Robert MuellerRobert Swan MuellerSasse: US should applaud choice of Mueller to lead Russia probe MORE’s team has proof that President TrumpDonald John TrumpRobert De Niro, Ben Stiller play Mueller and Cohen in 'SNL' parody of 'Meet the Parents' Trump order targets wide swath of public assistance programs Comey says Trump reacted to news of Russian meddling by asking if it changed election results MORE’s personal lawyer made a secret trip to Prague during the 2016 campaign despite his denial that he'd ever been there, McClatchy reported Friday.

It is not clear why Michael Cohen was in Prague. The claim he visited was originally made in a dossier compiled by former British spy Christopher Steele.

Cohen denied that he'd ever been to Prague "in my life" after the dossier's publication, tweeting a photo of his passport.

McClatchy reported that Cohen entered the country through Germany in August or early September 2016, which does not require a passport stamp.

The dossier claimed that, in Prague, Cohen met with a prominent ally of Russian President Vladimir Putin, Konstantin Kosachev, but it is not clear whether Mueller has evidence of such a meeting.

Koschahev was one of 24 Russian oligarchs slapped with U.S. sanctions earlier this month.

If such a meeting happened, it would be further evidence of ties between Trump associates and Putin. The dossier also claims that Cohen, among others, was deeply involved in a “cover up and damage limitation operation in the attempt to prevent the full details of Trump’s relationship with Russia being exposed.”

Neither Cohen nor Mueller commented on the story to McClatchy.

The report comes on the same day that U.S attorneys confirmed that they are investigating Cohen for criminal activity.

The FBI raided Cohen's office and home on Monday, in part on a referral from Mueller's office. 

 
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France issues report detailing evidence of Assad role in chemical attacks
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